Our findings suggest that increased circumferential wall tension due to hypertension plays a key role in the remodeling through biomechanical effects on oxidative stress and increased TGF-β expression; the remodeling observed in the presence of hypercholesterolemia could be initiated by oxidative stress that is involved in several processes of atherogenesis and this remodeling is more pronounced in the presence of turbulent blood flow/low wall shear stress. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hypercholesterolemia.