Our current data can now be brought in line with more recent findings showing the importance of IL-18 in the host defense against melioidosis: mice treated with anti-IL18R antibody [55] or IL-18 KO mice [20] have similar phenotypes as MyD88 KO mice as they all show a markedly increased susceptibility to infection with B. pseudomallei. The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is infection.