It has been known for over a decade that CD8+ T cells secrete the anti-viral CCR5 ligands, CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL4 (MIP-1β), and CCL5 (RANTES), which block the infection of CCR5+ cells by R5 viruses in vitro ([1] and reviewed in [2]). The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is infection.