Based on the success of LIPS in detecting human autoantibodies associated with neurological diseases [35], the identification of human autoantigens (e.g. anti-HNRP-A1) associated with HAM/TSP may further improve the accuracy of this test and thereby potentially provide a non-invasive method to monitor and predict disease outcome in HTLV-I-infected patients. Here, HNRNPA1 is linked to nervous system disorder.