TIAM-1 expression increased with tumour-node-metastasis status (mean ± SEM 430 ± 117 TNM1 and 2613 ± 2245 TNM2 p = 0.34), as did Vav1 levels (mean ± SEM 0.407 ± 0.22 TNM 1 and 1.28 ± 1.04 TNM 2 p = 0.42) however, Trio expression showed an increase from TNM1 to TNM3 (160 ± 50 TNM1 and 669 ± 554 TNM4 p = 0.39) but a decrease in Trio expression in TNM2 tumours (117 ± 62) Table 2. This evidence concerns the gene VAV1 and neoplasm.