SERPINE1 and heart disorder: High levels of circulating PAI-1 contribute to the development of MI, coronary artery disease, and pathologic thrombosis (Dellas & Loskutoff, 2005; Gils & Declerck, 2004; Hamsten et al., 1987; Juhan-Vague et al., 1987; Vaughan, 2005), worsen the prognosis of patients suffering from MI, and are routinely observed in atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages, and endothelial cells of people diagnosed with cardiac diseases (Schneiderman et al., 1992).