Taking together, it may finally be concluded that theSTZ-induced hyperglycemia causes hippocampal neuronal cell death, in whichapoptosis plays an important role possibly by an increment in the Bax/Bcl-2 andBax/Bcl-xL ratio, as well as increasing caspase-3 activity.Diabetic-induced memory and cognition deficits may be partly due to afacilitation of apoptosis and this study provide further knowledge tomechanisms involved in STZ-induced apoptosis in hippocampus. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and Hyperglycemia.