In contrast to our results, reduced levels of β2M expression have been reported in cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and in malignancies of the oral mucosa, as the downregulation of HLA expression is frequently observed in malignancies (Prime et al, 1987; Koene et al, 2004). The gene discussed is B2M; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.