For example, adenylate cyclase null mutants were used to demonstrate the properties of PfACα, an integral membrane protein possibly involved in gametocytogenesis [151]; 4) Plasma membrane anchoring via endogenous signal sequences and GPI-anchoring motifs could be used to study the adhesion properties of malaria proteins, e.g. CSP [152]. This evidence concerns the gene DNAJC5 and malaria.