Several studies, including one in Japanese men (300 cases, 216 BPH controls, 266 controls) (Wang et al, 2003) and a predominantly (∼95%) white American population (591 cases, 538 controls) (Salinas et al, 2005), as well as the present study, found no significant association between the PSA polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.