It has been shown that TNFα is present in increased amounts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with ARDS [13], in the serum during the onset of sepsis-induced lung injury [14], and acutely increases in both serum and BALF when changing from a lung protective to non-protective ventilation strategy [9]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.