As a result, rapamycin derivatives (rapalogues) that block mTOR/Raptor complex 1 were shown to exert direct antiproliferative effects against endometrial cancers, in which cancer cells frequently lose PTEN function as well as mantle cell lymphomas, in which cancer cell proliferation appears to be driven primarily by cyclin D1 overexpression. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and endometrial cancer.