In the second study, Brem-Exner et al. showed that exposure of lymph node cells in vitro to IFN-γ-conditioned monocytes led to an expansion of CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, and while the ability of these ex vivo generated/expanded cells to regulate responses in vivo was not formally tested, the fact that adoptive transfer of the IFN-γ-conditioned monocyte population led to a resolution of colitis in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease is consistent with an in vivo conversion driven by this APC population 8. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and inflammatory bowel disease.