The studies reviewed above have shownthat the effects of PPARγ ligands are mediated by various mechanisms.Some studies show or suggest canonical PPARγ-mediated effects (i.e., via transactivation),as exemplified by early in vitro studies with agonist compounds thatshowed fat accumulation, a major PPARγ-mediated effect, in both breast cancer andliposarcoma cell lines [10, 12]. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is breast carcinoma.