In penile tissue direct pharmacologicalactivation of PPARγ by theantidiabetic TZD pioglitazone reportedly blocked corporal veno-occlusivedysfunction in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus [25].However, this effect was associated with fat buildup suggesting that directactivation of penile PPARγ byTZDs or indirectly by ERα ligands, as in this study,could be a potential pathway for development of undesirable adipogenesis. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.