Although the frequency with which these events occur in concert remains unknown, the conclusion must be that targets coalescing on the mTOR pathway defined in large part by dissecting the disease of germline mutations of LKB1, PTEN, and TSC1/2 appear to be frequently altered in lung cancer, suggesting a broad and important contribution of this specific set of interacting proteins to the disease. This evidence concerns the gene TSC1 and lung carcinoma.