It is possible that the nature of the interaction between the viral Env and CD134 changes with disease progression, in early infection viruses employ a high affinity complex interaction involving determinants in both CRD1 and CRD2 and in doing so may protect the virus from neutralising antibody or endogenous CD134-ligand (infection with PPR and B2542 is sensitive to modulation by CD134L [28]). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF4 and infection.