Increased levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 have been reported in NE patients [10], [11] Furthermore, high levels of cytokine-producing cells are seen in the lungs of HPS patients [12], and the pulmonary fluid of HPS patients appears to be exudative in nature [13]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.