UBE2D3 and cancer: These cancer-related phenotypes include malignant transformation (Hnrpd) [38], tumor growth (Ach1a and Gfmg) [39,40], oncogene-like activity (Plekgh2) [41], tumor apoptosis (Gadd45b) [42], tumor suppressor activity (Brwd3) [43], cancer cell growth arrest (Ube2d3) [44], contact inhibition (Gmfg) [45], and cell invasion (Lox, Ach1a, Cxcl10, Vil2, and Nras) [46-50].