Also, a recent study showed that ciglitazonesuppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and COX-2 promoter activity,while upregulating peroxisome proliferators' response element (PPRE) promoteractivity in NSCLC cells, further suggesting a negative modulator role for PPARγ ligands inthe COX-2/PGE2 pathway in NSCLC [47]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and non-small cell lung carcinoma.