TMPRSS2 and prostate carcinoma: Several subsequent studies have suggested that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein is not only present in late stage prostate cancer [2-8] but in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [9], high-grade prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) [3,10] and even in non-malignant tissue adjacent to prostate cancer foci [9,10].