The data indicate a statistically significant difference in expression of phospho-eIF2α between the malignant and non-malignant cellular compartments in both the NSCLC (p = < 0.0001) and MC (p = < 0.0001) diagnostic groups but not in the SCLC (p = 0.6116) diagnostic group. This evidence concerns the gene EIF2A and small cell lung carcinoma.