Of greater clinical relevance, however, is that an immunohistochemical analysis of a human lung tumor tissue array containing 110 lung cancer specimens and 10 normal lung tissue controls from a total of 120 patients showed a statistically significant increase in the total levels of phospho-eIF2α, BiP, and eIF2α in lung cancers compared to non-malignant lung cells. Here, HSPA5 is linked to lung cancer.