The Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey (2003) report indicated that the overall prevalence of anaemia among Timor-Leste children aged less than five years (adjusted Hb less than 110 g/L) was 31.5%, the prevalence of moderate anaemia (adjusted Hb <90 g/L) was 6.1%, the prevalence of severe anaemia (adjusted Hb<70 g/L) was 0.8%, and children from anaemic mothers were more at risk (13,14). Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).