GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the following factors were significantly associated with higher and lower Hb concentrations in children after backward stepwise method: (a) maternal education (being some secondary); (b) wealth index of households (middle-class); (c) maternal anaemia (mild, moderately, and severe); (d) recent diarrhoea; (e) wasted (z-score <-2 SD); (f) sex (being a boy) were significantly associated with lower mean Hb concentrations while increased age of child and duration of breastfeeding (6 months) had significantly higher Hb concentrations in children.