Similarly, Cooper and associates [13] administered oxpentifylline (400 mg daily per os) for 4 months to 16 ESKD patients with EPO-resistant anaemia (defined as a haemoglobin level < 107 g/L for 6 months before treatment and an EPO dose ≥ 12,000 IU/week). The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is anemia (phenotype).