TLR4 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: This response relies heavily on the Toll and Immune deficiency (Imd) pathways, both of which utilize NF-κB related transcription factors as central mediators of signaling: Dorsal and Dorsal-related immunity factor (Dif) in the case of Toll, and Relish (Rel) in the case of Imd (reviewed in [1]–[3]).