Patients with active ulcerative colitis were found to have 41% greater mean TNF-α concentrations than those with inactive disease (9.46 and 5.54 pg/mL, respectively); while, those with active Crohn's disease had TNF-α concentrations that were only 18% greater than patients with inactive Crohn's (14.0 and 11.5 pg/mL, respectively) [45]. Here, TNF is linked to ulcerative colitis.