PPARA and neoplasm: It should be mentioned that breast carcinomais not a single disease entity, but rather an extremely polymorphic spectrum ofneoplastic pathologies which are fairly diverse in their molecular portraits.It is likely that both chemoprevention and treatment by PPAR ligands as well astheir possible tumorigenic side effects will be selective to particularmolecular subtypes of tumor, or will be relevant to certain stages of carcinomaprogression (Figure 1).