If the induced insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism through which obesity increases the risk, then it is not surprising that we observed a stronger association with WHR abdominal adiposity than with BMI among postmenopausal women, because central adiposity is more strongly associated with glucose intolerance and increased insulin levels (Carey et al, 1997; Van Pelt et al, 2001; Sierra-Johnson et al, 2004; Tanko et al, 2004). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.