When comparing influenza alone to smoke and influenza mice, smoke reduced the influenza-associated induction of mRNA encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10 (interferon inducible protein 10) and granzyme B at d3, MIG (monokine induced by gamma-interferon) at d10 and granzyme K (slightly) at both d3 and d10 (Figures 8 &9). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and influenza.