Probably, there should be certain stage-dependentmodifications in cellular signaling system including changes in receptorfunction and downstream Smad signaling cascades.Taken together, it is concluded that TGFβ may notonly induce growth arrest of cancer cells, but also increase cancer dissemination[1], supporting the concept that the cytokine serves a dual function in tumor developmentand progression (Figure 1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.