In contrast to the notion of PPAR-γ ligands being potent antitumor drugs inpancreatic cancers, we have reported that treatment of human pancreatic cancercells in vitro with 15-PGJ2 and troglitazone dose-dependently increases thesecretion of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is widelyrecognized as a potent stimulus for tumor angiogenesis [42]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is cancer.