While several in vitro studies demonstrate thatPPAR-γ activation decreases pancreatic cancer cellgrowth, the finding that PPAR-γ ligands can stimulate VEGF production bypancreatic cancer cells raises serious concerns that PPAR-γ activation in vivo may lead to enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth.Further detailed studies using pancreatic cancer animal models and specificPPAR-γ ligands are necessary to evaluate possibleproangiogenic and protumorigenic properties of PPAR-γ activation in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.