PPARG and medical procedure: Although several reviews highlightthe antiproliferative actions of PPAR-γ ligands in cell culture and animal models ofhuman cancers [23, 24], more recent studies illustrating atumor-promoting effect of PPAR-γ, in particular in colon and breast cancermodels, raise considerable concern about the significance and safety of PPAR-γ ligands as anticancer drugs [25–29].