TLR4 and infection: Infection of D. melanogaster with the Drosophila C virus also resulted in the up-regulation of several putative Toll pathway-related genes, such as Spätzle, Dorsal, the immune induced molecule 2, CG16836, PGRP-SA, a GNBP-like molecule encoded by CG12780, Drosomycin, and nine other putative antimicrobial peptides [20].