MAPK1 and neoplasm: However, more recent evidence wascollected, that PPARγ is a context-specific tumor modulator, whose effector profile iscomplemented and modified by PPARγ-independent effects of its ligands (e.g., TZDs and eicosanoids) and byreciprocal regulation of PPARγ through members of the ERK cascade asfollows [31, 40].