MAPK1 and neoplasm: Thus, the role of PPARγ as a MEK/ERK-regulated tumorsuppressor seems to be of importance in normal tissue or in prevention of tumorinitiation, while in advanced stages of certain tumors a synergisticcooperation between PPARγ and the ERK cascade may contribute to the malignancy of the disease.Future studies have to clarify whether PPARγ agonists, PPARγ antagonists, or PPARγ modulators/partial agonists(SPPARMs) with a selective effector profile [141] may be of interest for the therapyof certain tumor entities.