VEGFA and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): High-grade astrocytomas (AA and GM) display high cellular proliferation and extensive angiogenesis (Tuettenberg et al, 2006) stimulated by the production of growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (Strugar et al, 1995; Moriyama et al, 1999; Schmidt et al, 1999; Arrieta et al, 2002).