PPARD and malignant colon neoplasm: Hollingshead et al. reported that GW501516 andGW0742, highly specific PPARδ ligands, did not increase the growth ofhuman colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT116, and LS-174T) and liver cancercell lines (HepG2 and HuH7) cultured in the presence or absence of serum [112].In addition, treatment of these cell lines with either GW501516 or GW0742did not change the phosphorylation of Akt, and no increase in the expression levelsof COX2 or VEGF were detected [112].