HMOX1 and gastrointestinal disease: Because of the potent antioxidative and cytoprotective role of HO-1, clinical application of the enzyme has also been suggested in various disorders associated with the generation of ROS, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute renal injury, toxic nephropathy, transplant rejection, endotoxic shock, chronic obstructive lung diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and others [17].