We also examined IL-10, a cytokine that promotes progressive VL disease, based upon the hypothesis that important modifying factors are secondarily up-regulated in response to the initial type 1 response.[10] The relative mRNA abundance at time points between 4 h of co-culture (i.e. 28 hours of infection) and 3d of co-culture were measured using TaqMan based RT-PCR gene expression assays and normalized to GAPDH (Figure 3A, Δ(ΔCt) method). The gene discussed is GAPDH; the disease is infection.