INS and diabetes mellitus: At first, the insulin-glucose dynamics is very complicated that only highlyparameterized nonlinear models can be applied to it although it is usual tohave no more than three or four blood glucose tests per day in theinsulin-dependent diabetes therapy, which is not enough to model the dynamics.Due to the limitation of the measurements, some parameters are required to befixed in all cases whereas only a few parameters are free to be set upaccording to each patient case.