PPARA and cancer: The mechanisms are probably linked to: (1) PPAR ligands maysensitize cancer cells to the antitumor effects of cytokines such as TNFα, (2) PPAR ligands may suppressproduction of cytokines for tumor cell growth, and (3) PPAR ligands may affecttumor microenvironment by regulation of Treg through influencing associatedcytokines.