In PS1 associated FAD brain, distinct 'inflammatory plaques' have been described, that lack reactivity for apolipoprotein E and Aβ in the core, but revealed association with reactive microglia and astrocytes, suggesting that mutations in PS1 could also induce Aβ independent neuroinflammation in Early Onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) [103]. This evidence concerns the gene PSEN1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.