ALDH1A1 and neoplasm: Consistent with the elevated frequency of residual tumor cells expressing high levels of tumorigenicity-associated markers, such as CD166, relative expression of CoCSC-associated versus NTG-associated transcripts, such as ALDH1A1 and VIM, respectively, was further disparate in CPA- versus vehicle-treated control UM-C4 tumors (Figure 4B).