RNA activation of TLR7 on B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells has been particularly strongly associated with lupus pathogenesis, based on its role as the genetic risk gene for a murine model of inherited lupus (Pisitkun et al. 2006) and its ability to induce lupus-associated type I interferon production (Vollmer et al. 2005). The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.