This study confirms our previous findings regarding the predictive role of AFP with regard to treatment response in chronic hepatitis C. In this study, the odds of treatment failure was six times higher for those with serum AFP above the median value (5.7 ng/ml), a figure identical to that observed in our previous study among Egyptian patients infected with HCV genotype 4 (OR = 5.9; median value 4.5 ng/ml) [4]. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is chronic hepatitis C virus infection.