EGFR and lung cancer: Recent studies (Lynch et al, 2004; Paez et al, 2004; Eberhard et al, 2005; Riely et al, 2006) have identified a subset of lung cancer patients with rapid and durable clinical responses to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e. gefitinib, erlotinib) and found an underlying association between activating mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain and therapy response.