Previous studies have shown that recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) can induce a response (raise haemoglobin levels and reduce transfusion requirements) in about 30% of low-risk MDS patients (Rose et al, 1995; Hellstrom-Lindberg et al, 1998; Hellstrom-Lindberg, 2005). Here, EPO is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.