INS and Insulin resistance: The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA): based on the measured fasting insulin and glucose concentrations, a progressive increase in the calculated degree of insulin resistance was evident in the change from NG (2.27 ± 0.61 μU/ml × mmol/l) to IGT (3.92 ± 0.52 μU/ml × mmol/l) and DM (6.79 ± 1.2 μU/ml × mmol/l).