Among the many different NF-κB activation mechanisms, the PIR pathway has been found constitutively active in a variety of cell lines analyzed, including the WEHI231 and other murine B-cell lymphoma lines, during in vitro differentiation of a v-Abl transformed pre-B cell line, the MDA-MB 468 human breast cancer cell line, and the RPMI8226 human multiple myeloma cell line [43-46,56-59]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.