WNT1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In IPF lung specimens, Wnt1, 7b, and 10b mRNA levels were markedly upregulated (log-fold change of 1.19±0.43, 1.05±0.43, and 1.58±0.59, respectively), whereas Wnt3a was significantly downregulated (log-fold change −1.93±0.65) (Figure 1a).