The HSC of patients with the 5q− syndrome also showed significant downregulation of many genes encoding proteins important for translation including the eukaryotic translation initiation factors EIF2A and EIF3K (EIF3S12), the eukaryotic translation elongation factors EEF1D and EEF1A1. The fact that several significantly underexpressed genes encode proteins involved in translation suggests that this process is dysregulated in the HSC of patients with the 5q− syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene EIF2A and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with isolated del(5q).