These features also characterize other mouse models of PBC, including the NODc3c4 strain, IL2Rα-deficient mice and mice transgenically expressing a dominant negative form of the TGFβ receptor II (Irie et al., 2006) (Koarada et al., 2004) (Aoki et al., 2006) (Wakabayashi et al., 2006) (Oertelt et al., 2006). The gene discussed is IL2RA; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.